Brake Dust: A Hidden Threat
New research indicates that the dust produced by car brakes might be a bigger health hazard than the exhaust from diesel engines. This applies to electric vehicles (EVs) too, as they still use brakes.
Scientists at the University of Southampton examined particulate matter (PM) from different types of brake pads: non-asbestos organic, hybrid-ceramic, low metallic, and semi-metallic. The first two caused the most toxicity, specifically inflammation. Copper, a component found in those pads, was identified as a key culprit.
Dr. James Parkin, the study’s lead author, explained that people often focus on exhaust emissions, assuming EVs are pollution-free. However, EVs still generate PM from road friction, tyre wear, and of course, braking.
Particulate matter is incredibly small – about 30 times smaller than a human hair. This makes it easy to inhale deep into your lungs. PM is already linked to an estimated four million premature deaths globally each year.
Fortunately, innovators are working on solutions. For instance, tyre company Enso, a 2023 Earthshot Prize nominee, has developed EV-specific tyres that reduce PM emissions by 35% and extend emissions-free travel by 10%.
