Leveraging Investments in Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
As federal funding for electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure becomes uncertain, US states are left to determine how to continue such investments and maximize public benefits. The rollout of EV charging stations has been increasing over the past few years, primarily led by private investments but also supported by federal and state funds.
In 2022, the federal government allocated over $7 billion through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act to support EV infrastructure across the country. However, less than $5 billion has been distributed to states so far, and the future of this funding stream is unclear due to a suspension order by the Trump administration in February 2025.
Several states have supplemented federal investments with their own funds. For example, California announced a $1.4 billion investment for charging stations in January 2025, while New York announced a $60 million investment in February 2025. As the future of federal investments becomes uncertain, states may need to become the primary providers of support for EV charging infrastructure.
Challenges in Distribution and Accessibility
EV owners rely on a well-connected, affordable, and reliable network of charging stations. However, private investments have led to an uneven distribution of charging stations, with a focus on higher-income, educated, and white communities. To address this disparity, government investments have targeted under-resourced neighborhoods.
A working paper by RFF researchers explored how states can maximize benefits to surrounding communities from charging station investments. Solutions include expanding access to EVs and charging stations in underserved communities, maximizing economic development opportunities, addressing affordability of public charging services, and incorporating community voices into planning.
State Approaches to Equity Considerations
To access NEVI funding, states were required to complete infrastructure plans addressing equity considerations. All 50 states submitted plans, which were subsequently approved. The plans from Texas, California, Florida, and New York revealed how these states approached equity considerations and community engagement.
Community Engagement Strategies
- California engaged through existing structures like the Disadvantaged Communities Advisory Group and virtual webinars.
- New York leveraged advisory panels created under the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act.
- Florida conducted listening sessions and surveys, receiving less than 200 comments.
- Texas held a virtual public meeting and a 15-day comment period.
Economic Development and Affordability
All four states identified workforce development as a benefit, with Florida focusing on local employment. California introduced competitive grant funding to install charging stations along alternative fuel corridors, potentially benefiting small businesses.
However, none of the four states directly addressed the affordability of charging services in their infrastructure plans. High prices for public charging can make EV transition less affordable, particularly for lower-income households.
Conclusion
Achieving widespread access to EV charging stations will require government investment, particularly in areas with low EV adoption. States can maximize public benefits by incorporating community input and research-grounded policies. With additional research, states can make the market more competitive, regardless of ongoing investments. By doing so, states can move toward a decarbonized transportation sector and achieve social and economic development goals.
